The following amendments to the Rules of Superintendence for the Courts of Ohio (Sup.R. 16.14, 16.60 through 16.66, and 90 through 90.12) were adopted by the Supreme Court of Ohio. The history of these amendments is as follows:
January 1, 2023 Effective date of amendments Key to Adopted Amendments:
1. Unaltered language appears in regular type. Example: text
2.
Language that has been deleted
appears in strikethrough. Example: text
3. New language that has been added appears in underline. Example: text
As used in Sup.R.
16.14 through 16.43 16.66:
“Civil stalking protection order case” means a proceeding under R.C. 2903.214.
“Domestic abuse” means aggressive behaviors directed toward a current or former intimate partner that are physical, sexual, economic, spiritual, or coercively controlling. “Domestic abuse” may occur as a single aggressive behavior or a combination of aggressive behaviors and may vary from family to family in terms of frequency, recency, severity, intention, circumstance, and consequence.
“Domestic violence” has the same meaning as in R.C. 3113.31(A)(1).
“Evaluator” means an individual who conducts a neutral evaluation.
“Facilitation” means a process in which a neutral party moderates discussions by ensuring the fluid and orderly exchange of information and ideas from all participants and that is primarily concerned with assisting individuals in refining their communication and organizational skills so that they may learn to work more efficiently with one another in a group setting.
“Mediation” means a process in which a neutral third party helps the parties communicate and negotiate with each other to help them reach a voluntary agreement regarding their dispute by helping the parties clarify their positions and interests, identifying underlying concerns, and creating practical solutions for resolving their dispute.
“Mediator” means an individual who conducts a mediation.
“Neutral evaluation” means a process in which the parties to a dispute present their claims or defenses and describe the principal evidence on which their claims or defenses are based to a neutral third party who then shares impressions about the strengths and weaknesses of each matter.
“Parenting coordination” means a child-focused dispute resolution process ordered by a court of common pleas or division of the court to assist parties in implementing a parental rights and responsibilities or companionship time order using assessment, education, case management, conflict management, coaching, or decision-making. “Parenting coordination” is not mediation subject to R.C. Chapter 2710 or Sup.R. 16.20 through 16.25.
“Parenting coordinator” means an individual who conducts parenting coordination.
Sup.R. 16.60 through 16.66 shall apply to a court of common pleas or division of the court that elects to use parenting coordination and to a parenting coordinator conducting parenting coordination.
A court or division shall adopt a local rule governing parenting coordination. The local rule shall do all of the following:
(A) Identify the case types eligible for parenting coordination and those that are precluded from parenting coordination, if any;
(B) Specify that, except as provided by law, communications made as part of parenting coordination shall not be confidential or privileged;
(C) Include procedures for the selection and referral of a case to parenting coordination at any point after an interim or final parental rights and responsibilities or companionship time order is filed;
(D) Prohibit the use of parenting coordination in domestic violence cases under R.C. 2919.25, 2919.26, 2919.27, and 3113.31. Nothing in this division shall prohibit the use of parenting coordination in either of the following cases:
(1) A subsequent divorce or custody case, even though the case may result in the termination of the provisions of a protection order under R.C. 3113.31;
(2) A juvenile delinquency case.
(E) Establish procedures for and encourage appropriate referrals to legal counsel, counseling, parenting courses, and other support services for all parties, including victims and suspected victims of domestic abuse and domestic violence;
(F) Address other issues as the court or division considers necessary and appropriate.
(A) Reasons to order parenting coordination
A court or division may order parenting coordination when one or more of the following factors are present:
(1) The parties have disagreements about the implementation of a parental rights and responsibilities or companionship time order and need assistance;
(2) There is a history of parental conflict that has been unresolved by previous litigation or other interventions and from which a child of the parties is adversely affected;
(3) The parties have a child whose parenting time schedule requires frequent adjustments, specified in an order of the court or division, to maintain age- appropriate contact with both parties, and the parties have been previously unable to reach agreements on their parenting time schedule without intervention by the court or division;
(4) The parties have a child with a medical or psychological condition or disability who requires frequent decisions regarding treatment or frequent adjustments in the parenting time schedule, specified in an order of the court or division, and the parties have been previously unable to reach agreements on their parenting time schedule without intervention by the court or division;
(5) One or both parties suffer from a medical or psychological condition or disability that results in an inability to reach agreements or to adjust their parenting time schedule without assistance, even when minor in nature;
(6) Any other factor as determined by the court or division.
A court or division of the court shall not order parenting coordination to determine any of the following:
(1) Changes in the designation of the residential parent or legal custodian;
(2) Changes in the school placement of a child, in the case of shared parenting;
(3) Substantive changes in parenting time;
(4) The modification of child support or the allocation of tax exemptions or benefits or the division of uncovered medical expenses.
(A) General responsibilities
In order to provide a fair parenting coordination process for the parties, a parenting coordinator shall comply with the “2019 Revised Guidelines for Parenting Coordination” developed by the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts Task Force on Parenting Coordination. Wherever a conflict exists between the guidelines and Sup.R. 16.60 through 16.66, the rules shall control.
(1) A parenting coordinator shall avoid any actual or apparent conflicts of interest arising from any relationship activity, including but not limited to those of employment or business or from professional or personal contacts with parties or others involved in the case. A parenting coordinator shall avoid self-dealing or associations from which the parenting coordinator may directly or indirectly benefit except from compensation for services as a parenting coordinator.
(2) Upon becoming aware of any actual or apparent conflict of interest, a parenting coordinator shall notify the appointing court or division and the parties of the action taken to resolve the conflict and, if unable to do so, seek the direction of the court or division.
(3) A parenting coordinator shall avoid serving in multiple roles with the same family, even with the consent of the parties.
A parenting coordinator shall not offer legal advice.
(1) A parenting coordinator shall meet the qualifications and comply with all training requirements of Sup.R. 16.64 and local court rules governing parenting coordinators and parenting coordination adopted under Sup.R. 16.61.
(2) A parenting coordinator shall meet the qualifications for parenting coordinators for each court or division in which the parenting coordinator serves and promptly notify the court or division of any grounds for disqualification or any issues affecting the ability to serve.
(3) Upon request, a parenting coordinator shall provide a court or division from which the parenting coordinator receives appointments documentation indicating compliance with all training and education requirements so that the court may meet the requirements of Sup.R.16.64(A)(4). The documentation shall include information detailing the date, location, contents, credit hours, and sponsor of any relevant trainings.
A parenting coordinator shall comply with the requirements of and act in accordance with the appointment order issued by a court or division under Sup.R. 16.65(B).
A parenting coordinator shall decline or withdraw from an appointment or request appropriate assistance in either of the following situations:
(1) The facts and circumstances of the case are beyond the skill or expertise of the parenting coordinator;
(2) Personal circumstances, including but not limited to medical, mental health, or substance misuse or dependence, exist that compromise the ability of the parenting coordinator to perform his or her role.
A parenting coordinator shall have no ex parte communications with the appointing court or division regarding substantive matters or issues on the merits of the case.
A parenting coordinator shall maintain records necessary to document charges for services and expenses. A parenting coordinator shall issue invoices for services and expenses to the parties no less than once per month.
(A) General
(1) Prior to accepting appointment of a court or division to serve as a parenting coordinator, an individual shall meet all of the following qualifications:
(a) Be an independently licensed mental health professional, be licensed to practice law in Ohio, or otherwise have education and experience satisfactory to the appointing court or division;
(b) Possess extensive practical and professional experience with situations involving children. This experience may include counseling, casework, or legal representation in complex family law matters; serving as a guardian ad litem or mediator; or other equivalent experience satisfactory to the court or division.
(c) Complete “Fundamentals of Mediation Training” approved by the Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Section in accordance with standards established by the Commission on Dispute Resolution under Sup.R. 16.23(A)(1) or qualify for an exception as provided in Sup.R. 16.23(A)(2);
(d) Complete “Specialized Family or Divorce Mediation Training” approved by the Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Section in accordance with standards established by the Commission on Dispute Resolution under Sup.R. 16.23(B)(1)(c);
(e) Complete “Specialized Domestic Abuse Issues in Mediation Training” approved by the Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Section in accordance with standards established by the Commission on Dispute Resolution under Sup.R. 16.23(B)(1)(d);
(f) Complete “Parenting Coordination Training” approved by the Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Section in accordance with standards established by the Commission on Dispute Resolution.
(2) Prior to accepting appointment of a court or division to serve as a parenting coordinator in an abuse, neglect, or dependency case, an individual shall meet both of the following qualifications:
(a) Complete the requirements of division (A)(1) of this rule;
(b) Complete “Specialized Child Protection Mediation” that has been approved by the Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Section in accordance with standards established by the Commission on Dispute Resolution under Sup.R. 16.23(B)(2)(c).
(1) A parenting coordinator shall complete at least six hours per calendar year of continuing education relating to children, mediation, or diversity. The diversity training may include awareness and responsiveness; cultural and racial diversity; and the effects of a parenting coordinator’s personal biases, values, and styles on the parenting coordination process. The continuing education may include continuing education for lawyers, social workers, psychologists, or other licensed mental health professionals and professional development events that are acceptable to the court or division appointing the parenting coordinator.
(2) If a parenting coordinator fails to comply with the continuing education requirement of division (B)(1) of this rule, the parenting coordinator shall not be eligible to serve as a parenting coordinator until the requirement is satisfied.
(A) General
In order to ensure only qualified individuals perform the duties of a parenting coordinator and the requirements of Sup.R. 16.60 through 16.66 are met, a court of common pleas or a division of the court that elects to use parenting coordination shall do all of the following:
(1) Establish screening procedures for the capacity of the parties to participate in parenting coordination;
(2) Establish procedures for monitoring and evaluating parenting coordination to ensure the quality of the parenting coordinators to which cases are referred;
(3) Develop a process and designate a person for accepting and considering written comments and complaints regarding the performance of parenting coordinators appointed by the court or division. A copy of comments and complaints submitted to the court or division shall be provided to the parenting coordinator who is the subject of the complaint or comment. The parenting coordinator may submit a written response to the comment or complaint. The comment or complaint, and any written response submitted by the parenting coordinator, shall be forwarded to the administrative judge of the court or division, as applicable, for consideration and appropriate action. Dispositions by the court or division shall be made promptly. The court or division shall maintain a written record in the parenting coordinator’s file regarding the nature and disposition of any comment or complaint and shall notify the person making the comment or complaint and the parenting coordinator of the disposition.
(4) Allow parenting coordination to proceed only if the parenting coordinator meets the qualifications, education, and training requirements of Sup.R.16.64;
(5) Prohibit parenting coordination when domestic abuse or domestic violence is alleged, suspected, or present, unless all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) Screening is conducted, both before and during parenting coordination, for domestic abuse and domestic violence and for the capacity of the parties to engage in parenting coordination;
(b) The person who is or may be the victim of domestic abuse or domestic violence is fully informed about the parenting coordination process; the right to decline participation in the parenting coordination process; and, at the discretion of the parenting coordinator, the right to have any other individuals attend and participate in parenting coordination sessions;
(c) The parties have the capacity to participate in the parenting coordination process without fear of coercion or control;
(d) The court has taken reasonable precautions to create a safe parenting coordination environment for the parties and all other persons involved in the parenting coordination process;
(e) Procedures are in place for the parenting coordinator to terminate a parenting coordination session if there is a threat of domestic abuse, domestic violence, or coercion between the parties.
When ordering parenting coordination, the court or division shall issue an appointment order that does all of the following:
(1) Includes the name and contact information of the parenting coordinator and outlines the definition and purpose of the parenting coordinator;
(2) Specifies the scope of authority of the parenting coordinator;
(3) Sets forth the term of the appointment;
(4) Allocates the responsibility for fees and expenses related to parenting coordination;
(5) Addresses procedures for decision-making of the parenting coordinator;
(6) Addresses procedures for objections to parenting coordinator decisions;
(7) Addresses other provisions as the court considers necessary and appropriate;
(8) Orders the parties to contact the parenting coordinator within the time period specified by the court.
The files maintained by a parenting coordinator but not filed with a clerk or submitted to a court shall not be available for public access under Sup.R. 44 through 47.
As used in Sup.R. 90 through 90.12:
“Domestic abuse” means a pattern of
abusive and controlling behavior that may include physical violence; coercion;
threats; intimidation; isolation; or emotional,
sexual, or economic abuse.
“Domestic violence” has the same meaning
as in R.C. 3113.31(A)(1).
“Parenting coordination” means a child-focused dispute
resolution process ordered by a court of common pleas or division
of the court to assist
parties in implementing a parental rights and responsibilities
or companionship time order using assessment, education, case management,
conflict management, coaching, or decision-making. “Parenting coordination” is not mediation subject to R.C.
Chapter
2710 or Sup.R. 16.
“Parenting coordinator” means an individual appointed
by a court of common
pleas
or division of the court to conduct parenting coordination.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the court or division shall adopt a local rule governing all ordered parenting
coordination that does all
of the following:
(A)
Addresses
the selection and referral of a case to parenting coordination at any point
after a parental rights and responsibilities or companionship time order is
filed;
(B)
Addresses
domestic abuse and domestic violence
screening, both before
and during
parenting coordination;
(C)
Addresses appropriate referrals to legal counsel, counseling, parenting courses, and other support
services for all parties, including but not limited to victims and suspected victims
of domestic abuse and domestic violence;
(D)
Allows parties, their attorneys, and any other individuals designated by the
parties to attend and participate in parenting coordination
sessions;
(E)
Prohibits a parenting coordinator, even with consent
of the parties, from serving
in multiple roles with the same family that creates a
professional conflict, including but not limited to a child’s attorney or child
advocate; guardian ad litem; custody evaluator; therapist, consultant, coach, or other mental health
role to any family member;
or attorney for either
party;
(F)
Allows
a mediator to also serve as a parenting coordinator with the same family,
provided there is written consent of the parties
and it is approved by the court or division;
(G)
Addresses
the issuance of parenting coordination agreements and reports
or decisions
by a parenting coordinator;
(H)
Addresses
terms and conditions for fees, including
provisions for waiver of fees for
indigent parties;
(I)
Provides that the decision of a parenting
coordinator is effective immediately and remains effective
unless ordered otherwise by the court or division;
(J)
Allows for objections to the decision
of a parenting coordinator;
(K)
Addresses
the appointment and termination of appointment of a parenting
coordinator;
(L)
Establishes
procedures for the periodic evaluation of parenting coordinators;
(M)
Establishes
procedures for the submission, investigation, and hearing of complaints
regarding a parenting coordinator;
(N)
Addresses
other provisions as the court or division
considers necessary and appropriate.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the court or division may order parenting
coordination when the court or division determines one or more of the
following factors are present:
(A)
The parties have ongoing disagreements about
the implementation of a parental rights
and responsibilities or companionship time order and need ongoing assistance;
(B)
There is a history
of extreme or ongoing parental
conflict that has been unresolved
by previous litigation or other interventions and from which a child of the
parties is adversely affected;
(C)
The
parties have a child whose parenting time schedule requires frequent
adjustments, specified in an order of the court or division, to maintain
age-appropriate contact with both parties, and the parties
have been previously unable to reach
agreements on their parenting time schedule without intervention by
the court or division;
(D)
The parties
have a child with a medical or psychological condition
or disability that requires
frequent decisions regarding treatment or frequent adjustments in the parenting
time schedule, specified in an order of the court or division, and the parties
have been previously unable to reach agreements on their parenting time
schedule without intervention by the court or division;
(E)
One
or both parties suffer from a medical or psychological condition or disability
that results in an inability to reach agreements on or make adjustments in
their parenting time schedule without assistance, even when minor in nature;
(F)
Any other factor
as determined by the
court or division.
A court of common
pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the court or division shall not order
parenting coordination to determine any of the following:
(A)
Whether to grant,
modify, or terminate a protection order;
(B)
The terms and conditions of a protection order;
(C)
The penalty for violation of a protection order;
(D)
Changes in the designation of the primary
residential parent or legal custodian;
(E)
Changes in the primary placement of a child.
When domestic abuse or domestic
violence is alleged,
suspected, or present,
parenting coordination
may proceed only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(A)
The person who is or may be the victim of domestic abuse or domestic violence
is fully informed about
the parenting coordination process and of the option
to have a support
person present at parenting coordination sessions;
(B)
Appropriate
procedures are in place to provide for the safety of the person who is
or may be the victim
of domestic abuse
or domestic violence
and all other persons involved in the parenting coordination
process;
(C)
Procedures
are in place for the parenting coordinator to terminate a parenting
coordination session if there is a continued threat of domestic
abuse, domestic violence, or coercion between the parties.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the court or division shall not
appoint an individual as a parenting coordinator unless the individual meets
all of the following qualifications:
(A)
Possesses a master’s degree or higher, law
degree, or education and experience
satisfactory to the court or division;
(B)
Possesses
at least two years of professional experience with situations involving
children, which includes parenting coordination, counseling, casework, legal
representation in family law matters, serving as a guardian ad litem or
mediator, or such other equivalent experience satisfactory to the court or
division;
(C)
Has completed
in the following order the following training
that has been approved
by the Dispute Resolution Section of the Supreme Court and that meets standards
established by the Supreme Court Commission on Dispute Resolution:
(1)
At least twelve
hours of basic mediation
training;
(2)
At least forty hours of specialized
family or divorce mediation training;
(3)
At least fourteen
hours of specialized training in domestic
abuse and dispute resolution;
(4)
At least twelve
hours of specialized training in parenting coordination.
In addition to the qualifications
under Sup.R. 90.05, a court of common pleas or division of the court that
chooses to use parenting coordination in the court or division shall not
appoint an individual as a parenting coordinator in an abuse,
neglect, or dependency case unless the individual
meets both of the following qualifications:
(A)
Possesses
significant experience working
with family disputes;
(B)
Has
completed at least thirty-two hours of specialized child-protection mediation
training that has been approved by the Dispute Resolution Section of the
Supreme Court and that meets standards established by the Supreme Court
Commission on Dispute Resolution.
(A)
Requirement
A parenting coordinator shall complete at least three
hours per calendar
year of continuing education relating
to children. The continuing education may include continuing education for lawyers, social workers, psychologists, or other
licensed mental health professionals and professional development events that are approved by the Dispute
Resolution Section of the
Supreme Court and that meet standards established by the Supreme Court
Commission
on Dispute Resolution.
On
or before January
1st of each year, a parenting coordinator shall report to each court or
division from which the parenting coordinator receives appointments a list of all continuing education training completed
during the previous year under division (A) of this rule,
including the
sponsor, title, date, and location of each training.
If a parenting coordinator fails to
comply with the continuing education requirement of division (A) of this rule,
the parenting coordinator shall not be eligible to serve as a parenting
coordinator until the requirement is satisfied. The parenting coordinator shall
complete three hours of
continuing education for each calendar year of deficiency.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the
court or division, when ordering
parenting coordination, shall issue a written appointment order
providing
information regarding the appointment of the parenting coordinator, including
but not limited to
the following:
(A)
The name of the parenting
coordinator and any contact information for the parenting coordinator
the court may choose to include;
(B)
The specific powers and
duties of the parenting coordinator;
(C)
The term of the appointment;
(D)
The scope of confidentiality;
(E)
The parties’ responsibility for fees and expenses for services rendered
by the
parenting coordinator.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the court or division shall do all of
the following:
(A)
Maintain
a roster of all parenting coordinators appointed by the court or division,
including the name; address; telephone number; and, if available, electronic
mail address of each parenting coordinator. The
court or division shall require each parenting coordinator to notify the
court or division of any changes to this information.
(B)
Require each parenting coordinator appointed by the court or division to submit to the court or division a
resume documenting compliance with the parenting coordinator qualifications
under Sup.R. 90.05 and, if applicable, Sup.R. 90.06. The court or division
shall require each parenting coordinator to provide an updated resume to the
court or division in the event of any substantive changes to the information contained in the resume.
(C)
Require each parenting coordinator appointed by the court or division to submit to the court or division
on or before January 1st of each year a list of continuing education training
completed by the parenting coordinator during the previous calendar year under Sup.R.
90.07(A), including the sponsor, title, date, and location of each training;
(D)
On or before
February 1st of each year,
file with the Dispute Resolution Section of
the Supreme Court all of the following:
(1)
A copy of the local rule adopted
by the court or division
under Sup.R. 90.01;
(2)
A copy of the current
roster of parenting coordinators appointed by the court or division
maintained by the court or division under division (A) of this rule;
(3)
A copy of each new or updated resume
received by the court or division from a parenting coordinator
during the previous year under division (B) of this rule;
(4)
A copy of each list of continuing education
training received by the court or division from a
parenting coordinator under division (C) of this rule.
(A)
Compliance
with appointment order
A parenting coordinator shall comply with the requirements of and act in accordance with the appointment order issued by the court of common pleas
or division of the court under
Sup.R. 90.08.
A parenting coordinator shall maintain
independence; objectivity; and impartiality, including avoiding the appearance of partiality, in dealings with parties and professionals,
both in and out of the courtroom.
(1)
A parenting coordinator shall avoid any clear conflicts of interest arising
from any
relationship activity, including but not limited
to those of employment or business or from
professional or personal contacts with parties or others involved in the case. A parenting coordinator shall avoid
self-dealing or associations from which the parenting coordinator may
benefit, directly or indirectly, except from services as a parenting
coordinator.
(2)
Upon
becoming aware of a clear conflict of interest, a parenting coordinator shall
advise the appointing court or division and the parties of the action taken to
resolve the conflict and, if unable to do so, seek the direction of the
court or division.
A parenting coordinator shall have no
ex parte communications with the appointing court
or division regarding
substantive matters or issues on the merits of the case.
A parenting coordinator shall not offer legal advice.
A parenting coordinator shall have an
ongoing duty to report any activity, criminal or otherwise, that would
adversely affect the parenting coordinator’s ability to perform the
functions
of a parenting coordinator.
(1)
A
parenting coordinator shall inform the parties the parenting coordinator will
report any suspected child abuse or neglect and any apparent serious risk of
harm to a family member’s self, another family
member, or a third party to child protective services, law enforcement, or other
appropriate authority.
(2)
A parenting coordinator shall report child abuse or neglect
under the procedures in
R.C. 2151.421.
A court of common pleas or division
of the court that chooses
to use parenting coordination in the
court or division and a parenting coordinator shall comply with the “Guidelines
for Parenting Coordination” developed by the Association of Family and Conciliation
Courts Task Force on Parenting Coordination. Wherever
a conflict exists between the guidelines and Sup.R. 90 through
90.12, the rules shall control.
(A)
Confidentiality
Except as provided by law,
communications made as part of parenting coordination, including communications
between the parties and their children and the parenting coordinator, communications between the parenting coordinator and other
relevant parties,
and communications
with the court, shall not be confidential.
Except as provided by law, parenting coordination shall not be privileged.
The
files maintained by a parenting coordinator but not filed with a clerk or submitted to a
court shall
not be available for public access under Sup.R. 44 through 47.
[Existing language unaffected by the amendments is omitted to conserve space]
([Insert division letter]) The amendments to Sup.R. 16.14, new Sup.R. 16.60 through 16.66, and the repeal of Sup.R. 90 through 90.12, adopted by the Supreme Court of Ohio on September 6, 2022, shall take effect on January 1, 2023.